English Medium H.S 2nd Years||Political Science Contemporary World Politics||Lesson-2 End Of Bipolarity

 Very Important Question Answer:

(1)Why the Soviet Union disintegrated? Discuss three reason.

Ans:-

      Intr :-There are many reasons behind the collapse of the Soviet Union, but Mikhail Gorbachev's reform plans are one of them.

    (1)Role of Gorbachev:-Gorbachev Reformation was the biggest cause of Soviet disintegration.Soviet society believed that Gorbachev moved gradually with his reforms.But benefit of reforms was too slow.so people lost faith in him.

   (2) Political and administrative stagnation:-The Soviet system became very bureaucratic as well as authoritarian in character.One party system represented by the communist party had a tight control over the administrative affairs of the country.

    (3) Rise of nationalism and desire for sovereignty:-A major reason for collapse of Soviet Union was the rise of nationalism a desire for sovereignty within various Soviet republic like Russia, Baltic republics of Estonia, Ukraine etc.

     In conclusion, it can be said that the reform schemes of Mikhail Gorbachev are the main reasons for the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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(2) Briefly discuss about the consequences of disintegration of the USSR.

Ans:-

Intr:-The disintegration of the Soviet Union and socialist system in Eastern Europe had a deep impact on world politics.

The following is a discussion of the consequences of the dissolution of the Soviet Union-

(1)End of Cold War:-The biggest implication of the collapse of Soviet Union was the end of the cold war.

(2) Emergence of new countries:-The collapse of Soviet bloc led to the emergence of many new countries.

(3) Emergence of unipolar system:-The disintegrated of the Soviet Union meant that power equations in world politics too had change.

(4)Rise of the United States: After the break-up of the Soviet Union, the United States, which remained as a single superpower, established its dominance all over the world.

So it can be said that the collapse of the Soviet Union completely changed the character of international politics in the 20th century.

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(3) What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism?

Ans:-

     The collapse of communism in East Europe had major implementation on the domestic economy of Post communist States.These states underwent a painful economic transition from authorian socialist model of economy to that of a Democratic capitalist model.central Asian countries, East European countries as well as Russia adopted new policies Which were heavily influenced and directed by the world bank and IMF.This transition came to know as"Shock Therapy."

     The transition from communism to capitalism is not the best way, because the "shock therapy" that ruled in the 1990s failed to achieve the incredible improvements in collective consumption that it dreamed of or to lead the masses in this regard.

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(4) Discuss briefly Consequences of shock Therapy.

Ans:-

       Intr:-The consequences of shock therapy were very negative and post communist states faced disastrous economic consequences.

     (1) Collapse of industrial sectors and decline in value of the Russian currency:-The value of the Russian currency-ruble declined and the rate of inflations reached an all time high.People lost all their saving.

     (2) Withdrawal of government subsidies:-The withdrawal subsidies by the government created greater challenges for ordinary people in these countries.

   (3) Weak Democratic foundation:-At that time legislative institutions like the Parliament became relatively weak.

   (4) Unemployment:- Rapid Privatization resulted in massive layoffs and high unemployment rates.

     Conclusion:-So it can be said that shock therapy the led to a change in the Soviet social system.

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Short Answer:(Marks:2)

(1) What do you understand by Socialist bloc or second world?

Ans:-

The political and economic system of East European countries followed the Soviet model of economy and this group of countries essentially came to be known as the second world or the socialist bloc.

(2) Mention two reforms which Mikhail Gorbachev initiated in the USSR.

Ans:-

(1) Glasnost

(2) Perestroika.

(3) What was the largest garbage sale in history?

Ans:-

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union many industries were undervalued and sold to private players at throwaway prices, leading, some analysts to describe it as"the largest garbage sale in history."

(4) Mention two drawbacks of the Soviet system.

Ans:-

The main drawbacks are as follows:

(1) The Soviet system became very bureaucratic as well as authoritarian.

(2) The one Party system represent by the communist party had a tight control over the administrative affairs of the country.

(5) Why the Gorbachev's reform policy fail.

Ans:-

The Gorbachev's reform policy fail because, The benefit of reforms was too slow.So people lost fait in him.

(6) How did the end of Soviet bloc lead to the emergence of many new country?

Ans:-

The collapse of Soviet bloc led to the emergence of many new countries.with their own autonomous choice and aspirations, many of these state wanted to join the European Union and the NATO.

(7) What is "Great Game"?

Ans:-

The gathering political, economic and military competition among Russia,China, United states to control central Asia's energy resources is in a new "great game."

(8) What do you meant by"Near Abroad"?

Ans:-

The term has been used since the early 1990s, usually to assert Russia's right to have major influence, political or economic,in regions which were under Soviet control.

(9) What is"Peace dividend"?

Ans:-

The term"peace dividend"is a political slogan, was primarily used at the end of the cold war which described the potential economic benefit of a decrease in defense spending by the superpowers.

 (10) How did Soviet system become very bureaucratic and authoritative?

Ans:-

      The one party system represented by the communist party had a tight control over the administrative affairs of the country.

(11)In what and why Soviet Union behind the west?

Ans:-

      When compared to the US, the Soviet Union lagged behind on issues of technology as well as revitalizing the factors of production.

(15) Who was Gorbachev?

Ans:-

     Gorbachev was leader of Soviet Union.

(16) Trace emergence of USSR.

Ans:-

       The USSR had been formed after the famous Bolshevik revolution in 1917.The Bolshevik party had an important role in creation of such a system based on centralised planning and state control.

Short Answers:(Marks-4)

(1) Write the four features of the Soviet society.

Ans:-

       The four features of Soviet society are:

     (1) No other political party or opposition was allowed to operate.

    (2) Unemployment did not exist.

    (3) The bureaucratic and over-centralised system made people's lives difficult.

   (4) The domestic consumer industry was robust.

(2) In what ways shock therapy brought about ruin to the economic of Soviet region?

Ans:-

     The collapse of communism in East Europe had major implications on the domestic economy of post communist states.

    The states underwent a painful economic transition from authoritarian socialist model of economy to that of a Democratic capitalists model.

    In many sectors of economy, the mafia emerged as the key player which controlled the production as well as distribution pattern.

    The economic growth rates were negligible and there was not any rise in the GDP levels of these countries.

     Thus, after the shock therapy, the Soviet economic system was destroyed.

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