English Medium class 12||Political Science Contemporary World Politics||Lesson-5 Contemporary South Asia

 Important Question:

(1) Discuss the factors responsible for Pakistan's failure in building a stable democracy.

Ans:-

      Intr:-After achieving freedom from British imperialism, two independent nations- India and Pakistan were formed.But while India succeeded in implementating democracy but Pakistan continue to struggle with establishing stable democracy.

      (1)In Pakistan, military, religious leaders, feudal lords, elites have a lot of influence on Pakistani society.

     (2) Pakistan's conflict with India has made its army very powerful.The military has to take administration in its own hands to ensure the security of Pakistan.

    (3) Another reason behind the decline of democracy is Pakistan is that there is no genuine international support for a Democratic government in Pakistan.

    (4) Pakistan economic instability including high inflation and a decline currency has contributed to political unrest and a weaking of public confidence in the government.

            Conclusion:-These reasons Pakistan has not been able to establish a stable democracy.

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(2) Why was SAFTA formed? Discuss the idea of SAFTA.

Ans:-

     SAFTA was formed to promote trade and economic cooperation among South Asian Nations by reducing trade barriers and facilitating trade.  

    The SAFTA was signed in 2004 and came into force from 1st January, 2006.

    It has set a target of increasing the customs trade tax to 20% by 2007 in mutual trade.

   Although most countries of South Asia consider it an Indian Policy to empower their market and social, economic, political system through commerce and trade.

    The main objective of SAFTA is to promote economic development in South Asian countries

    Conclusion:- Therefore, it can be said that safta was formed with the aim of improving the economic of South Asian countries

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(3) Point out the reasons which led the people of East Pakistan for a liberation movement.

Ans:-

      Intr:-Pakistan has two parts-East Pakistan and West Pakistan.The present Bangladesh was earlier called the East Pakistan.

     The various reasons which led the people of East Pakistan for a liberation movement.

    East Pakistan was always dominated by West Pakistan.It imposed Urdu on the Bengali speaking people of East Pakistan and tried to forcefully dominante and oppress the Bengali culture as well.

    Another reason of the people of East Pakistan opposed this discrimination and demanded equal administrative and political rights with the West Pakistan.

    In the election held in 1970, sheikh mijibur's Awami league won all seats in East Pakistan.But the leader of the West Pakistan instead of convening constituent assembly arrested him.At that time the military government took some stringent steps to oppress the protest movement of bengalis as a result a large number of people from Bangladesh had to flee to India as refugees.

    Conclusion:-  For the reasons mentioned above, East Pakistan seceded from West Pakistan to form independent Bangladesh.

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(4) Write a note on the Indo-Bhutan relationship.(Marks:-4)

Ans:-

      Intr:-India has been friendly relations with Bhutan.There no serious conflict between the two countries.

    Bhutanese King during the time of operation All Clear helped India in removing insurgents of North East India from Bhutan soil.

     India has helped Bhutan in many field. India is involved in the big electric generating project of Bhutan and helps the country financially from time to time.

     On 1949, Bhutan and India signed the treaty of friendship, calling for peace between the two nations.

    Bhutan to take India's guidance on foreign policy and both nations would consult each other closely on foreign and defence affairs.

      Conclusion:- So it can be said that India and Bhutan have very good relations.

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(5) Identify the causes of conflict between India and China and suggest your solution.(Marks:4)[H.S-2025]

Ans:-

      Intr:-India and China are neighbouring countries.Relations between India and China are friendly but also contradictory in many areas.

     After India's independence from Britain,it was hoped that China and India would come together to shape the future path of Asia. But the Chinese take over of  Tibet in 1950. Moreover these two countries engaged in a direct war in 1962 because of dispute related to areas Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai-Chin of Ladakh.

     The India and China relation deteriorated because of this war. The diplomatic relation between India and China did not improve till the end 1976.But with the change in China's leadership in 1970s, the relation between the two countries started improving.

    When the India's prime minister rajiv gandhi visited China in 1988 to further improve Indo-China relationship.But the 1998 nuclear tests of India did not threaten China or affect the Indo-China relation. China's technological support to Pakistan's nuclear programme and military relations with Myanmar and Bangladesh has affected India's position in South Asia.

     Most recently, it is said that there is also a dispute between India and China over the waters of the Brahmaputra.

   Conclusion:-The two countries have good relations despite differences of opinion for various reasons.However, both countries should pay attention from time to time to ensure that relations between the two countries are not disrupted.

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(6)How is the relationship between India and Nepal?(Marks:4)[H.S-2025]

Ans:-

      Intr:-The kind of friendly relation between India and Nepal is very rare in today's world.

     According to the treaty between India and Nepal, the citizen of one country can go to the other country for work without any visa or passport.

    Although the relationship between the two countries is very good but even then there have been some economic conflict between two countries.India complains that Nepal doesn't take appropriate step against anti-India insurgents.

     But also relationship between two countries have been peaceful and friendly. Trade relations, scientific cooperation, common natural resources, cooperation electricity production have united the two countries.

     Conclusion:- Recently the Prime Minister of Nepal Oil visited India in Feb,2016 and signed seven important treatise with India.

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(7) Discuss briefly relationship between India and Pakistan.(Marks:6)[H.S-2025]

Ans:-

       Intr:-India and Pakistan have been involved in numerous wars and issues of cross border terrorism and dispute over Kashmir have hampered the progress of positive relations between the two countries.

     India and Pakistan have been engaged in armed conflicts since independence. Kashmir was first cause of conflict.The Pakistan government declared Kashmir to be a part of Pakistan and the Indian government rejected in 1948-49 and 1965. But these wars failed to solve the problem of Kashmir.

      Another problem between India and Pakistan is the sharing of river Water.

   The war between India and Pakistan led to a newer competition of arms race between the two countries.Both the countries acquired nuclear weapons and missile.

     The government of both countries are suspicious of each other.Indian government accused Pakistani government of supporting terrorist in India with arms, money, military, training etc. and encouraging them to create disturbance in India.

     Another problem is the demarcation line in Sir Creek in the Rain of Kutch.

     Both the countries have been trying to solve these problems.But recently the relationship has been deteriorating further. The terrorist attack in Kashmir's Pahalgam.  and terrorists shot dead 26 Hindu tourists.This is the current war between India and Pakistan.

    Conclusion:-Therefore, it can be said that the problem of India and Pakistan has never been resolved.

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(8) Discuss briefly relationship between India and Bangladesh.(Marks:-4)

Ans:-

      Intr:-India and Bangladesh are neighboring countries.

      Bangladesh has maintained friendly relations with India since the day of its independence. The economic relationship between the two countries has improved a lot in the last 15 years.

      The two countries decided to work to indetify common problem and solve them.

     Although India and Bangladesh is maintaining friendly relations, the two countries have certain problems as follows:

  (1) Water sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra.

   (2) Bangladesh not giving a passage to India army through Bangladesh.

  (3) Many border issues between India and Bangladesh have not been solved yet.

    Conclusion:-Although there are conflict between India and Bangladesh, both the governments have been trying to take a number of steps to maintain friendly relations.

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(9) Discuss briefly relationship between India and Maldives.(Marks:-4)

Ans:-

      Intr:-The Maldives is located South of India's Lakshadweep Island in the Ocean. 

     India has close friendly relations with Maldives.When some Tamil armed mercenaries of Sri Lanka attacked Maldives, the government of Maldives requested the Indian government to offer support.

    Moreover India also has been contribution to the development of the tourism, economy, fishery of Maldives.

   Conclusion:-So it can be said that India and maldives have friendly relations.

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(10) Discuss the role and limitation of SAARC as a regional organization.

Ans:-

      Intr:-SAARC is an organization of South Asian nations.Its headquarters is located in kathmandu Nepal.

      The role of regional organization such as SAARC can contribute to peace, stability and development of the region.

      The main objective of the SAARC to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life.

    Main aim of this organization is to establish cooperation in official areas these two countries so that their problem can be solved by mutual cooperation.

    But SAARC has not achieved special effectiveness due to political ambitions.

    Conclusion:- We can say that the complete objective of SAARC has not been successful. The conflict between the seven countries, especially India and Pakistan has not resolved to this day.

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  Short Answer:(Marks:-2)

(1) Mention two cause of conflict and cooperation between India and Bangladesh.

Ans:-

      There is a cooperation between India and Bangladesh-

     (1) The two countries decided to work to identify common problem and solve them.

 The cause of conflict between India and Bangladesh are-

    (1) Water sharing Ganga and Brahmaputra.

                   ________●●●_________   

(2) Mention two cause of conflict between India and Pakistan.

Ans:-

         The causes of conflict between India and Pakistan are-

     (1) The border dispute between both the countries over to Jammu and Kashmir area.

    (2) The terrorism of border area from the balakot and other are near the border.

         __________●●●_________

(3) Mention two issues on which India and Bangladesh Cooperate.

Ans:-

      Two issues of cooperation between India and Bangladesh are-

(1) Water sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra.

(2) Many border issues between India and Bangladesh have not been sloved yet.

            ________●●●_______

(4) Mention two conflicting communities in Sri Lanka.

Ans:-

      In Sri Lanka, two of the most prominent conflicting communities are the-

    (1) Sinhalese

    (2)Tamils.

         ______●●●______

(5) What is meant by South Asia?

Ans:-

      South Asia refers to Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

(6) Mention any two countries in South of India who are the members of SAARC.

Ans:-

      (1) Sri Lanka,

      (2) Maldives.

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Very Short Questions Answer:(Marks:1)

(1) Write the full from of SAARC.

Ans:-

       South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation.

(2) Write the full from of SAFTA.

Ans:-

      South Asian Free Trade Agreement.

(3) Where was the first SAARC summit held?

Ans:-

     The first summit of SAARC was held in Dhaka Bangladesh.